更新時間：2021-07-16 23:33:07作者：admin2
這一步為邏輯推理解題的核心步驟，當閱讀短文的時候，考生需要假定短文中所出現的所有前提都是事實，這里需要向讀者強調的一點是邏輯推理題不會考察考生對短文所涉及的專業知識的了解程度，短文中出現的前提是不是事實并非重要，重要的是我們的解題思路是否清晰正確。多數短文通常由前提與結論構成，結論在短文中出現的位置并不總是一致，有時在開頭，有時在中間，還有時在結尾。如果你還沒有對短文的意思理解透徹，那么這時一個最為理智有效的辦法就是先找出結論，之后在試著逐步分析從前提到結論的推理過程。
??GMAT閱讀理解中，有一種出現頻率不高，但是難度又比較大的題，那就是邏輯題。如果將邏輯題進行細分，我們又可以把它分成邏輯支持題和邏輯反對題。在Critical Reasoning的部分，也會考到類似的題目。跟Reading Comprehension中動輒三、四段的長文章不同，Critical Reasoning 都只涉及到一些較短的文章。
??
因此，我們解 Reading Comprehension 中的邏輯題跟 Critical Reasoning 中邏輯題最大的不同就是，要提前定位，也就是我們要根據自己的閱讀筆記，迅速定位到原文，再將原文中的邏輯關系找出來，寫出一個論證過程，再對其進行分析。
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It is an odd but indisputable fact that the seventeenth-century English women who are generally regarded as among the forerunners of modern feminism are almost all identified with the Royalist side in the conflict between Royalists and Parliamentarians known as the English Civil Wars。
?? Since Royalist ideology is often associated with the radical patriarchalism of seventeenthcentury political theorist Robert Filmer—a patriarchalism that equates family and kingdom and asserts the divinely ordained absolute power of the king and, by analogy, of the male head of the household—historians have been understandably puzzled by the fact that Royalist women wrote the earliest extended criticisms of the absolute subordination of women in marriage and the earliest systematic assertions of women's rational and moral equality with men。
?? Some historians have questioned the facile equation of Royalist ideology with Filmerian patriarchalism; and indeed, there may have been no consistent differences between Royalists and Parliamentarians on issues of family organization and women's political rights, but in that case one would expect early feminists to be equally divided between the two sides。
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Catherine Gallagher argues that Royalism engendered feminism because the ideology of absolute monarchy provided a transition to an ideology of the absolute self。
?? She cites the example of the notoriously eccentric author Margaret Cavendish (1626–1673), duchess of Newcastle。 Cavendish claimed to be as ambitious as any woman could be, but knowing that as a woman she was excluded from the pursuit of power in the real world, she resolved to be mistress of her own world, the “immaterial world” that any person can create within her own mind—and, as a writer, on paper。
?? In proclaiming what she called her “singularity,” Cavendish insisted that she was a self-sufficient being within her mental empire, the center of her own subjective universe rather than a satellite orbiting a dominant male planet。
?? In justifying this absolute singularity, Cavendish repeatedly invoked the model of the absolute monarch, a figure that became a metaphor for the self-enclosed, autonomous nature of the individual person。
?? Cavendish's successors among early feminists retained her notion of woman's sovereign self, but they also sought to break free from the complete political and social isolation that her absolute singularity entailed。
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針對這篇文章的，有一道邏輯題如下：
Which of the following, if true, would most clearly undermine Gallagher's explanation of the link between Royalism and feminism?
A。
?? Because of their privileged backgrounds, Royalist women were generally better educated than were their Parliamentarian counterparts。
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B。 Filmer himself had read some of Cavendish’s early writings and was highly critical of her ideas。
C。 Cavendish's views were highly individual and were not shared by the other Royalist women who wrote early feminist works。
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D。 The Royalist and Parliamentarian ideologies were largely in agreement on issues of family organization and women's political rights。
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E。 The Royalist side included a sizable minority faction that was opposed to the more radical tendencies of Filmerian patriarchalism。
??
對于這道題，我們首先是要根據自己的閱讀筆記迅速定位到文章中相應的部分。
Catherine Gallagher argues that Royalism engendered feminism because the ideology of absolute monarchy provided a transition to an ideology of the absolute self。
?? She cites the example of the notoriously eccentric author Margaret Cavendish (1626–1673), duchess of Newcastle。 Cavendish claimed to be as ambitious as any woman could be, but knowing that as a woman she was excluded from the pursuit of power in the real world, she resolved to be mistress of her own world, the “immaterial world” that any person can create within her own mind—and, as a writer, on paper。
??
隨后，我們要找出它的論證過程，比如前提，結論以及舉例說明，等等。
在這里，前提就是 "the ideology of absolute monarchy provided a transition to an ideology of the absolute self", 也就是“絕對君權的意識形態為絕對自我的意識形態提供了過渡”。
??結論就是 "Royalism engendered feminism"。
為了說明這個論證，Catherine Gallagher 舉了一個 Margaret Cavendish 的例子。要削弱這個論證，我們要么削弱前提，也就是證明“絕對君權的意識形態不會為絕對自我的意識形態提供過渡”，要么削弱這個例子，說明 Margaret Cavendish 只是一個特例，并不具有普遍性。
??有了這樣的思考之后，我們再去看選項，看看哪個答案更加符合我們剛剛的推理過程。因此，答案為 C。